Hulk Smash Essay -- Art

Throughout history, the graphic form has been used as a means of conveying information of many forms such as story, words of warning, or even propaganda (Van Meter). In its more recent shape, the modern comic, the graphic work was often treated as a lowly form of art suitable primarily for adolescents and children seeking entertainment (Cengage). This mindset about comics continued until the mid 1980’s, at which point it was shattered by the arrival of â€Å"Maus†; a graphic novel that documented the experiences of a Holocaust survivor (Spiegelman). After winning the Pulitzer Prize in 1992, Spiegelman’s work opened the door to a whole world of possibilities for the graphic form in scholarly pursuits. Though this event brought about the birth of countless graphic narratives, each responsible for shedding light on modern historical travesties, it is my conviction that prior to the onset of â€Å"graphic reportage† comics held a more important socio-polit ical relevance. While less explicit with their messages, early comics such as â€Å"The Hulk† gave valuable insight into society by giving a direct look into pop-culture of the time, utilizing symbolism to convey public opinion, and spreading propaganda. When a work is created with the intent of being graphic reportage the author becomes painfully aware of the fact that they will be observed and scrutinized under this context, however when an entirely fictitious comic book is created its author is relieved from the constraints of this awareness of observation. Put more eloquently, comic book authors that create works of graphic reportage are vulnerable to a psychological phenomenon known as the Hawthorne Effect, which states that individuals that are aware that they are being observed will b... ... Works Cited Cengage, Gale. eNotes.com. 2004. 22 April 2012 . Conroy, Mike. "The True Origin of The Incredible Hulk." N/A: Marvel Comics, 2008. Gale, E.A.M. "The Hawthorne studies—a fable for our times? ." QJM (2004): 439-449. Lee, Stan-Writer Kirby, Jack -Penciller Reinman, Paul-Inker Simek,Art-Letters. "The Incredible Hulk." The Incredible Hulk #1. Marvel Comics, May 1962. Rocchi, James. X-Meta : An Outsider’s Guide to Symbolism in Superhero Cinema (wonder woman mention). May 2006. 22 April 2012 . Spiegelman, Art. " Maus: A Survivor's Tale." New York: Pantheon Books, 1986. Van Meter, Justine. "History Of Graphic Novels." Orange, CA, February 2012.

4p’s of Euro Disneyland

1. What factors contributed to EuroDisney’s poor performance during its first year of operations? Even though Disney has a theme song that says â€Å"It’s a small world after all†, the world remains quite diverse. The biggest factors that contributed to the poor performance during the first year of EuroDisney’s operations were: a poor understanding of the marketplace, the issues and the cultural differences between two nations and two differing approaches to business and life. The major factor was ethnocentrism of the American leaders counterbalanced by French national insecurities.I have to suggest that the powerful and perhaps arrogant leadership style of Michael Eisner contributed to the problems. Even so, the problems were wider than that. Assuming that people would come from all over Europe as part of the business plan but failing to comprehend how diverse those consumers would be was another major part of the problem. Even though Europe has recently united as the European Union, they have been strongly distinct and independent cultures for centuries.Disney failed to understand the French national character, their insecurities over cultural invasion after having been an occupied nation twice in the last century and their deep commitment to maintaining their identity and liberty. The arrogance of the French is based on insecurity as a global minority and the arrogance of the Americans was based on a wide open optimism and global success. The collision of the two ‘arrogancies’ was â€Å"formidable† as the French say. 2. To what degree do you consider that these factors were a) foreseeable, b) controllable by either EuroDisney or the parent company Disney?A study in history and an understanding of the characters of Europe and the European market place would have enabled the Disney executives to anticipate many of the problems. Some problems were controllable and others were inevitable. Those that were inevitable , however, needed an approach that would soften the reaction rather than exacerbate it. It was inevitable that the choice of France as the location would ruffle French feathers. Their history of occupation shaped their reaction. Their coolness to all things anglophile is legendary.If we simply consider an individual personality, it would be easily understandable that a proud woman who had been enslaved and brutalized might have some lingering issues with dominant behaviour and may especially have trouble looking into the eyes of her rescuers who had seen her at her worst. Even so, they chose France perhaps for its cache in the American psyche (more ethnocentricity). The dominance of the American executive insisting on only English being spoken was like pouring gas on the situation in a culture that monitors words which are absorbed from other languages by an official government body.The idea of pushing business according to an American ethos was an affront to the French who take the ir liberty and unionization very seriously. Coming from the union free Southern United States, the clash was profound. These were all quite predicable for anyone who cared to see beyond their own ways. 3. What role does ethnocentrism play in the story of EuroDisney’s launch? The truth is embodied in this seemingly ambiguous statement â€Å"you don’t know what you do not know†. The trap is that when you do not understand or know something there is no little red light that says â€Å"you don’t get it†.In fact, there is no perception at all that there is something missing. Ethnocentricity carries us deeply into this trap and Disney fell head long into it. They certainly had the resources to get marketing opinion from European sources that would have saved them millions in mistakes. I think though, that the powerful personality of Eisner, coming off of several victories where he forced his vision through the objections of the American business communit y to win big and be therefore validated set the entire EuroDisney enterprise up for failure.Eisner and his trusted team believed that any opposition or obstacle had to be overcome with strength of will and vision and that collaboration would not serve the vision well. Add to this the spectacular success of Disney in Tokyo and all of his personal input verified his approach. Unfortunately, it takes three points to make a pattern and he had only 2. Consultation was the only way to avoid the nightmares encountered in France. The culture was so different from America or Japan that there was little frame of reference in common.Believing all Europeans enjoyed the same sausage or Europeans vacationed in the same way that Americans did was easily corrected by cultural awareness that would not have cost much but they were too ethnocentric to even know the questions to ask. I imagine they had no ears for those who tried to tell them. Sausage might just be sausage to Eisner who probably did no t eat it but to Europeans, it is as distinct as different wines. Attempting to impose American values, such as nondrinking on the French or appearance rules would have been easily understood as a mistake if they had even asked.I also know from a course in Children’s literature that the Disney version of fairytales like Cinderella were almost unrecognizable to those who had grown up on the European (original) versions of the stories. Thus, Disney did not even have the transfer of cultural understanding in the tales that they assumed that they had. 4. How do you assess the cross-cultural marketing skills of Disney? I imagine that they are significantly better now but they were dismally unequal to the task at the time. They simply did not do their homework.In a nation of couturier fashion and elegance, to emphasize size and glamour was ‘tres gauche†. Bigger and better is a selling feature of the American psyche not of the French. They eat one croissant not a dozen do nuts. They buy one designer handbag rather than 6 knock offs. The assumption of a common bond over fairytales was erroneous. The belief that the society functioned like the American society was just wrong because the French are highly unionized, and quite highly socialized in a political sense. Liberty and independence are even more ingrained among the French than the Americans.They believe they invented the concepts and the Americans high jacked them for their constitution. 5. Why did success in Tokyo predispose Disney management to be too optimistic in their expectations of success in France? Discuss In Japan Disney found an insatiable curiosity about American ways and American forms of play because of the rebuilding of Japan by the Americans who dropped the bombs on Hiroshima- their conquerors. Japan had been broken by and then rebuilt upon an American capitalistic model. (Please do not read criticism into this.I am not sure Truman had any choice given the personality and militar y spirit of Japan). The Japanese had been inundated with American cultural icons since world war two and Disney cartoons were a staple in Japanese experience. The success of Disney was more the success of the Japanese people at adapting to a new world after defeat than a triumph of marketing and cultural understanding. Unfortunately, the success without much cooperation, deeper understanding or adaptation led to the false belief in the Disney magic touch world wide.

The Main Tenets And Assumptions Of Critical Criminology

A theoretical perspective in the field of criminology that addresses power differentials, inequalities and hierarchies as the explanations of crime is known as critical criminology. In the making and enforcement of law, critical theoretical perspectives are helpful in the reduction of crime by reducing the social, economical and political disparities in a social agency. Critical criminology actually provides a huge framework for the discussion of many other approaches followed in criminology like conflict theory, post-modernism and peacemaking criminology etc. The key tenets and assumptions of critical criminology include: 1. Human actions are not determined but voluntaristic in nature. 2. Social order is based on conflicts between different classes of society. 3. The panic like crime is being out of controls usually created to deflect the attention of society from other conflicts. 4. State crimes and the white collar crimes cannot be controlled by orthodox crime control strategies. 5. Overt and Covert Coercion maintains apparent consensus in society. Crime in the light of critical criminology is an obvious outcome of disparities established in a system. Capitalist economic policies result in economic misery among powerless class in society and certain conditions are created in which adapting the criminal behaviors become the only possible survival strategy. Critical criminology follows the Marxist approach in stating that criminal laws are based on the interests ofShow MoreRelatedThe And Tenets Of Life Course Criminology1587 Words   |  7 Pagesas one way to understand and explain this complex issue. Life-course criminology (often referred to as DLC) emerged from this perspective as a way to help explain age in relation to crime. The purpose of this proposal is to highlight the key areas of life-course criminology and outline how they reveal the value of the theory for research purposes. These key areas of interest are the genesis and tenets of life-course criminology, its key contributors and critics, and how both of these par ties haveRead MoreContemporary Theory: Stratification Essay examples1245 Words   |  5 Pages(Bowles 2013; Kerbo 2000). Stratification sets up that all known societies past and present â€Å"distribute its scarce and demanded goods and services unequally† (Grusky, Ku, and Szelenyi 2008; Tumin 1953). Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore (1945) establish a main function of stratification; which can be explained by the â€Å"requirement faced by any society of placing and motivating individuals in social structure[s]† (242). Through this, the basis of stratification arises from the fundamental works of the forefathersRead MoreMy Personal Journey On Social Work8705 Words   |  35 Pageswas eight years old, so I hope that by me helping people socially, rather than medically like she did, will continue her legacy. I decided to obtain my Bachelor of Arts degree at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, N.S. where I double majored in Criminology and Sociology and minored in Psychology. Once I graduated, I still did not know what career path was right for me, so I took a year off. In the meantime, I applied to three Schools of Social Work: Dalhousie University in Halifax, N.S., St. ThomasRead MoreUnderstanding Conflict Through Sociological Perspective Essay5342 Words   |  22 Pagessocial structure, as well as the micro-scale structural (Simmel) and  pragmatist  (Mead) theories of social interaction. Contemporary sociological theory retains traces of these approaches. In the present situation, the conflict theory is one of the two main theoretical frameworks of sociological understanding. Functionalism aims only toward a general perspective from which to conduct social science. Methodologically, its principles generally contrast those approaches that emphasize the  micro, such

Claude Manet †Impressionism †19Th . Oscar-Claude Monet

Claude Manet – Impressionism – 19th Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and productive expert of the movement s philosophy of communicating one s observations before nature particularly applied to plein-air landscape painting. The expression Impressionism is from the title of his piece Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which was shown in 1874 in the first of the independent presentations mounted by Monet and his partners as an alternate choice to the Salon de Paris. Monet s aspiration of painting the French countryside drove him to embrace a technique for painting the same scene repeatedly, trying to catch the changing of light and the death of the seasons. From†¦show more content†¦35. Monet painted the subject twice, and it is unknown which of the two pictures was the artwork that showed up in the pivotal 1874 presentation, however more as of late, the Moscow picture has been favoured. Monet has been portrayed as the main thrust behind Impressionism. Essential to the art of the Impressionist painters was the comprehension of the effects of light on the local colour of objects, and the impacts of the contrast of hues with each other. Monet s long profession as a painter was spent in the quest for this aim. In 1856, his shot meeting with Eugene Boudin, a painter of little beaches, opened his eyes to the idea of plein-air painting. From that time, with a short intrusion for military administration, he committed himself to hunting down better than ever strategies for painterly expression. In 1877 a progression of works of art at St-Lazare Station had Monet taking a gander at smoke and steam and the way that they influenced shading and perceivability, being here and there misty and some of the time translucent. He was to further utilize this in study in the painting of the effects of mist and rain on the landscape. The investigation of the impacts of climate was to develop into various arrangements of works of art in which Monet often painted a similar subject in various lights, at various hours of the day, and through theShow MoreRelatedClaude Monet and Impressionism1107 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you talk about impressionism, you will always connect it with Oscar Claude Monet but there were many impressionist artists beside Claude Monet. But in this composition we will talk more about Claude Monet because he was the founder of Impressionism in the world. Oscar Claude Monet was the founder of impressionism. He is a famous french painter whose work gave a name to the art movement impressionism. Claude Monet’s famous quote is â€Å"merely think here is a little square of blue, here an oblong

Essay on Cultural Competency and Health Disparities

The United States’ population is currently rising exponentially and with growth comes demographic shifts. Some of the demographics shifts include the population growth of Hispanics, increase in senior citizens especially minority elderly, increase in number of residents who do not speak English, increase in foreign-born residents, population trends of people from different sexual orientation, and trends of people with disabilities (Perez Luquis, 2009). As a public health practitioner, the only way to effectively eliminate health disparities among Americans, one must explore and embrace the demographic shifts of the United States population because differences exist among ethnic groups (Perez, 2009). We must be cognizant of the adverse†¦show more content†¦Without these methods, the work of public health practitioners would be inadequate. The first step to achieving complete cultural competency is valuing diversity. It is a process that requires cultural humility. Unlike competency, cultural humility goes beyond simply being knowledgeable of differences, but having a humble desire to ensure a lifelong commitment to intercultural exchange (Tervalon Murray-Garcia, 1998). I have witnessed some Americans oppose the idea of immigration and strongly believe that American services should not cater to immigrants. They believe that all foreigners should learn English and the United States should not accommodate their linguistic needs. These same people are aware of the cultural differences that exist in America, but lack cultural humility and appreciation for diversity, making it difficult for them to attain complete cultural competency. A public health professional cannot go into a community, assuming that everyone thinks and behaves like them. They must be open-minded, flexible, empathetic, and aware of the differences and similarities that exist. Therefore, cultural humility is a prerequisite in achieving cultural competence. The next step in cultural and linguistic competency is conducting both aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Culture On Health Care1642 Words   |  7 Pagesthe health care disparities. Consequently, it is essential that health care organizations improve its cultural competency. Overall, the increased diversity in the population and the documented health care disparities have made cultural competency essential in order, to ensure that every patient receives quality health care services (Haynes, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of culture on health care. Define the Role of Cultural Awareness in the Management of Health CareRead MoreDiversification Continues To Rise In The United States1626 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation health. Additionally, health disparities are growing and impacting the health care field. Cultural competency and communication across language barriers are influential in producing quality care for socioeconomically challenged minorities. However, educational attainment and health literacy are the most influential factors for minorities’ well-being. Better quality of care for minorities ultimately results in an improvement in population health. Keywords: health disparities, health literacyRead MoreIn The United States It Is Estimated That By 2043, Nonwhite1558 Words   |  7 Pagesmore people who are of a diverse culture will have to use medical services. As of right now, there are many health disparities when it comes to the ethnic population. With a shift in demographics, the health sector in various central Ohio counties has proven that they are not prepared enough to handle a diverse community. There are many reasons as to why cultural competence is lacking in health care. From racism, lack of proper education, lack of diversity in the workforce, communication problems,Read MoreHow Can Education Be A Solution For Increase Cultural Competency?1386 Words   |  6 Pagesbe a solution to increase cultural competency? It is beneficial to establish cultural competency skills in students to prepare them for future work in the health sector especially as there continues to be growth in the minority population. Cultural comp etencies must be meaningfully incorporated into the curriculum to show student for how important it is for their community to be able to help people of different ethnic backgrounds (Knox and Haupt, 2015). Cultural competency can be incorporated intoRead MoreThe Culturally Competent Health Care Workforce949 Words   |  4 PagesThe Culturally Competent Health Care Workforce Reduces Disparities Cultural competence is the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the individual health care professionals when they treat individual patients who are from different race, ethnicity, and religion and diverse backgrounds. In the U.S, some patients receive equal treatment in the health care facilities, but others receive unequal treatment because they are from diverse backgrounds. In the article, â€Å"Cultural Clues† Melissa Hansen focusesRead MoreNational Health Care Quality and Disparities Report Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesThe National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report (NHQDR) (2012) identified three key themes. The themes are health care quality and access are suboptimal, especially for minority and low income groups; overall quality is improving, access is getting worse and disparities are not changing; and urgent attention is warranted to ensure continued improvements in: quality diabetic care, maternal and child health, adverse events, disparities in cancer care and quality care among the states in theRead MoreThe American Association Of Nurse Practitioners1631 Words   |  7 Pages(SFCAPN, 2015). Core Competencies and Certification Requirements The curriculum for nurses in advance practice requires that every APRN is academically prepared by adhering to the seven core competencies for APRNs. Moreover, NP students of all specialty tracks and population foci, have to meet a set of criteria and academic standards developed by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF). This framework, known as the Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies, is comprised of nineRead MoreGlobal Health Competency Among Advanced Practice Nurses1515 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no documentation of global health competency among advanced practice nurses, specifically for Nurse Practitioners in current health related literature. Global health competency is an issue of increasing importance as we face an era of immense globalization, migration, immigration, and widening income gaps. It is widely accepted that lower income status, ethnic and racial disparities place persons at risk for increased morbidity and mortality globally and locally. Additionally, advancedRead MoreCultural Influences On The Health Care Delivery System1482 Words   |  6 Pagesand health practices within various cultural groups (Riegelman, Kirkwood, 2015). These diversities influence patient interactions in the health care delivery system. Consequently, cultural influences have led to various disparities in healthcare. A culturally competent healthcare organization is one that recognizes the influences of culture and the subsequent disparities created. These organizations have focused efforts which tailor their delivery of care in order to meet the cultural, socialRead MoreHealth Care Delivery System Of The United States877 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Care Delivery System The health care delivery system of the United States is unique compared to the other developed countries. The health care system of United States relies on the development and implementation of new health care technology. The use of new technology in the field of health care will help to provide services with increased quality and efficacy (Shi Singh, 2015). The external forces affecting the provision of health care delivery also has an inevitable role in the functioning

Snapshot If The Psychological Functioning †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Snapshot If The Psychological Functioning? Answer: Introducation The purpose of Mental State Examination (MSE) is to assess the mental state and behaviour of an individual at the time of interview. The goal of MSE is the identification of signs and symptoms pertaining to mental illness for providing proper assistance to the client and addressing of related risks. This exam provides a systematic appraisal and reflects the snapshot if the psychological functioning of a person at a given time period. This examination provides a comprehensive and cross-sectional mental state description of a patient that help a nurse or clinician for making accurate diagnosis for the planning of coherent treatment (Dong, et al., 2012). MSE can be performed in a wide range of settings like psychiatric or in an outpatient hospital settings by registered nurses and clinicians. For the registered nurses, MSE is useful as it provides a comprehensive assessment of mental state that include medical, psychiatric, medication and personal history of the client. It is useful for the screening of cognitive impairment and its monitoring over time. This examination help the RNs to assess the general behaviour and appearance, attentiveness, level of consciousness, mood and effect, language, memory, alertness, abstract reasoning and constructional ability which are most clinically relevant for measuring cognitive abilities (Wajman, Oliveira, Schultz, Marin, Bertolucci, 2014). Various domains are considered in a typical MSE for the systematic appraisal. Appearance: The appearance of the client is important that provide significant clues about their quality of life, lifestyle, self-care and ability to perform the activities of daily living. For example, if a client is well dressed, it demonstrates the clothing and grooming of that person. If a persons clothing is clean, it demonstrates that if the person performs hygiene on a daily basis or not. These distinctive features are being demonstrated in the appearance domain (Saliba, et al., 2012). Behaviour: This important domain demonstrates the behaviour of a person during the examination. Non-verbal communication is given special attention and monitoring is done during the interview that reveals the attitude, emotional state of a person. For example, if the level of arousal is high during the examination, it demonstrates agitation or aggressive behaviour of a person. The body language, facial expression, posture, eye contact is noticed during MSE. For example, if a person lacks eye contact during MSE, it demonstrates the poor response of the client to assessment and level of social engagement and rapport with the registered nurse or the clinician. Movement and psychomotor activity is also noticed under this domain such as the client is hypoactive or hyperactive. It also depicts the unusual features like tremors, repetitive, slowed or involuntary movements (Taylor, 2013). Speech and content of speech: This domain is helpful in revealing the presentation of a persons feature during MSE. The behaviour and content of the speech is important as it help to depict the language of a person. For example, if the person demonstrates unusual speech that might be associated with anxiety and mood problems, organic pathology or schizophrenia. It is observed that if the persons speech rate is rapid, pressured or reduced. The volume (normal, loud, soft) is observed along with tonality (tremulous, monotonous), quantity (voluble, minimal) and ease of conversation. This is useful in the demonstration of these possible descriptors along with rhythm and fluency whether the content of speech is clear, slurry, hesitant, aphasic or with good articulation (Altmann, Tian, Henderson, Greicius, 2013). Mood and Affect: This domain is useful in the conceptualization of the relationship between the economics affect and mood. Affect is defined as the immediate emotional expressions. On the other hand, mood explains the emotional experience of a person over a prolonged time. For example, affect demonstrates the stability of a person like labile or stable. Happiness is demonstrated by mood whether it is elevated, ecstatic, depressed or lowered. Affect also explains the appropriateness (inappropriate, appropriate or incongruous) and range (flat, restricted, expansive or blunted) of a person. Irritability is defined by mood whether the person is calm, explosive or irritable by nature (Cumming, Churilov, Lindn, Bernhardt, 2013). Thought: The thinking of a person is evaluated based on nature or thought content and process or thought form. Content explains various aspects of thought process like delusions, ideas, suicidal or self-harm ideation, obsessions or anxiety. For example, if a person demonstrates false beliefs that are rigidly this is not consistent to ones background depicts delusions. Unreasonable beliefs demonstrate overvalued ideas, preoccupations and depressive thoughts. Repetitive thoughts about a catastrophic or feared outcome greatly illustrate obsessions of a person. Anxiety is explained by phobias where a person demonstrates heightened anxiety (Forbes Watt, 2015). Thought process shows coherence and formation of thoughts which is greatly reflected in the speech of a person and expression of ideas. Various thought levels are explained through process like if a person demonstrates derailment or loose associations, it reflects irrelevant thinking. Tangential thinking or flight of ideas reflects frequent changing of topic, excessive vagueness depicts circumstantial thinking, use of nonsense words and thought clocking or racing is reflected in halted or pressured speech. Perception: This domain is important for the detection of serious mental health issues like psychosis, mood disorders or severe anxiety. It is also helpful in the measurement of perceptual disturbances marked by frightening or disturbing perceptions. For example, if a person demonstrates derealisation or depersonalization, it depicts dissociative symptoms. For example, if a person who thinks that surrounding things are not real and unusual characterizes illusions. Hallucinations can be auditory, visual where a persons sensory modalities are affected and the nurse or clinician note the degree of distress or fear that are associated with hallucinations (Douglas Robertson, 2013). Cognition: This domain refers to the current capacity of processing of information, as it is sensitive in case of mental health problems. If a person is unaware of the time, place or person and incapable of providing his or her personal details, it depicts disorientation to reality. It also measures the level of consciousness whether the person is drowsy, alert, stuporous or intoxicated. It also measures the memory functioning, arithmetic and literacy skills, concentration and attention and the ability of a person to deal with the abstract concepts (Sattler, Toro, Schnknecht, Schrder, 2012). Insight: It is the triaging of the psychiatric presentations and the persons ability to take decisions about their safety. For example, it is the acknowledgement of a person regarding possible mental health problem in understanding the possible treatment and its compliance. It also measures the ability for the identification of potentially pathological episodes like suicidal impulses or hallucinations (Douglas Robertson, 2013). Anxiety and depression: Severe anxiety disorders are characterized by the depressive symptoms and may produce suicidal ideation, agitation and risk for suicide. In anxiety and depression, speech domain in MSE is affected where the person demonstrates unusual speech that might be pressured, rapid or with reduced tempo. Thoughts are also affected due to anxiety where there might be heightened anxiety or the person witness specific phobia. Most importantly, if a person is suffering from anxiety and depression, there is disturbance in perceptions like dissociative symptoms, illusions, hallucinations. Based on the physical appearance, anxious patients would exhibit restlessness, sweaty palms and distractibility. The mood might be normal or depressive. The behaviour and psychomotor activity is also affected in anxiety and depression where the patient exhibit hyperactivity and agitation (Cosco, Doyle, Ward, McGee, 2012). Behaviour and mood is significant part of anxiety because it changes these parameters in some way or the other. Certain neurotransmitters acting as chemical messengers help in the communication of different nervous system parts and regulate behaviour and mood. In anxiety, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) does not work properly that leads to overreaction or vigilance feeling and hyperactive behaviour. Anxiety affects cognition like thoughts about fear of dying and suspected dangers where amygdala and hippocampus are affected. There is high response to the emotional stimuli that increases anxiety. Unusual speech is recognized in anxiety as muscle tension makes the movement harder resulting in abnormal speech. During anxiety or depression, speech is controlled by the person rather than by subconscious mind resulting in abnormal speech (Ng, Y., Schlaghecken, 2012). Psychotic disorders: There is abnormal thinking, delusions, hallucinations and perceptions that are affected by psychotic disorders. The person experience visual or auditory hallucinations that are considered perpetual disturbance. The thinking ability is disrupted in psychotic disorders and delusions occur where the person has false beliefs that are rigidly held. Dopamine plays an important role in the internal representations, pays attention to the emotional stimulus, and prepares response. However, in psychosis, dopamine is released at random events leading to abnormal information gating and aberrant salient experiences. Hallucinations are accompanied by auditory or visual hallucinations where there is activation of modality-specific activation in the cerebral areas that are involved in sensory processing. However, there is alteration in the Amygdala-Visceral and Hippocampus leading to over activation and inability to distinguish between external stimulation and self-generated tho ughts including activation of Wernickes area and there are auditory hallucinations (vices heard outside in contrast to the inside due to plenum temporal activation). The primary neurotransmitter, dopamine has increased pharmacological effect that gives rise to hallucinations or psychotic delusions. There is delusional thinking and the person is unable to find or connect the meaningful relationships between ideas or unrelated stimuli. This is the reason the person have an impaired relationship with the reality (Fusar-Poli, et al., 2012). Patient-centred care: It is a holistic approach where the specific needs of the individual are respected. There is personalization of the care and support given to the client where the mental health nurses understand the culture and specific needs are included in the mental health services given to the client. Their choices and needs are supported in a way that fits the way they want to live. In mental health nursing, personalized service is given that reflect listening and improved understanding and empathy towards the people who experiences mental health issues as witnessed in MSE (Barry Edgman-Levitan, 2012). Cultural appropriateness: In mental health nursing, cultural appropriateness is important as the healthcare providers have to be aware of the mental health issues faced by diverse groups. The mental health services need to be culturally competent so that they are able to support the clients with mental health issues from culturally diverse groups. The healthcare services should be adequate to identify and understand the language and cultural differences of the mental health patients and in reducing the stigmatization associated with them (Doyle, 2012). The multidisciplinary team: In mental health nursing, the multidisciplinary system comprises of the psychiatrists, clinical nurses, specialists, psychologists, mental health nurses, occupational therapists, medical secretaries and sometimes advocacy and care workers. These professionals have different expertise combined with skills who work together in tackling challenging and complex mental health issues of the patients. This team work in collaboration and in a dedicated manner contributing to the assessment, diagnosis, treatment and management of the mental health issue towards holistic patient-centred care (Chalmers, Harrison, Mollison, Molloy, Gray, 2012). Psychotropic medications: The psychiatric drugs are used for the alteration of chemical levels in the brain that has an impact on the behaviour and mood. This medication provides safety and stability from paralysing anxiety, however, the benefit differs from patient to patient. Some important drugs include Xanax, Zoloft, Celexa, Prozac, Ativan, Desyrel and Lexapro help to improve the symptoms of depression, neuroticism and extroversion by calming them down in few weeks of use (Rssler, 2012). Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS): A self-reported instrument of 42 items measures the negative states of emotion of anxiety, depression and stress or tension. DASS scores interpret that the values for depression, anxiety and stress should be low as much as possible and has certain cut-off values. The scores range from zero depicting that the items are not applicable for them to three that means items can be applied to them for most of the time. The main purpose of this tool is to identify and isolate the emotional disturbance aspects. For example, in psychiatric or outpatient settings, the registered nurses or clinicians do the assessment for the degree of severity for the core anxiety, depression or stress symptoms. It is helpful for the registered nurses as it helps to measure the negative and emotional states of anxiety, depression and stress. The scores obtained by the patient would help the nurses to calculate by summing the scores for the relevant parameters. In the clini cal setting, the nurses clarify the emotional disturbance that is the broad task for the clinical assessment. DASS scale help them to make decisions based on the score profiles in the clinical examination. Moreover, the clinicians would be able to determine the suicidal ideation and risk for any kind of suicide in the disturbed persons. The aim of this scale is to define and explore the core symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress and meeting of the rigorous standards of psychiatric adequacy and development of discrimination between the anxiety depression scales to the maximum. The experienced registered nurse or clinician interpret and decide based on DASS result score for the anxiety, depression or stress (Happell, Scott, Platania?Phung, Nankivell, 2012). There are specific ethical and legal considerations while conducting the mental health assessment by the mental health professionals. Firstly, informed consent need to be obtained from the patient or client before the commencement of mental health assessment as it the ethical duty for the evaluation of the mental health issues. In this, the patient or client need to know about the nature and purpose of the mental health assessment along with potential disclosures and confidentiality associated with the assessment. In cases where there is third party involvement that also need to be informed to the patient. Confidentiality is the second ethical consideration where the mental health professional conducting the assessment are obliged to maintain a certain degree of confidentiality, respect for patient privacy in the legal and ethical context. There should not be any kind of disclosure of the patient information associated with the particular evaluation. Apart from these ethical and lega l considerations, the mental health professions have the obligation to disclose only relevant information with the healthcare team for the diagnosis, treatment and management of the mental health conditions. The legal considerations involve no breaching of these ethical considerations while conducting the mental health assessment. It is the duty of the mental health professionals to maintain the confidentiality of the evaluee by writing an authorization before the release of information and taking into consideration to release only the authorized information (Oei, Sawang, Goh, Mukhtar, 2013). Patient-centred care: It is a measure where the metal healthcare professionals work for the development and implementation of actionable plan for the patient who scored concerning scores in DASS scale. The care is developed to fulfil the goals of personal recovery that scored significant marks in DASS scale. There is designing of care plans that promote oriented care and recovery that minimizes symptoms of anxiety, depression or stress (Manary, Boulding, Staelin, Glickman, 2013). Cultural appropriateness: Many patients come from culturally and diverse backgrounds suffering from mental health issues and stigmatization. There is lack of healthcare services in the mainstream that works to meet the cultural needs of these diverse patients and acts as a barrier. Therefore, there is need for mental health givers to be knowledgeable and culturally competent in providing culturally appropriate care for the ethnic patients as cultural factors greatly influence the therapeutic process (Purnell, 2014). The multidisciplinary team: MDT comprising of psychiatrist, clinical and mental health nurses, therapists and psychologists work in inter-professional collaboration in the diagnosis, treatment and in providing metal health services that improve the state of anxiety, depression or stress and enhance services rendered by the institutions. Among the MDT, nurses are the most important professionals who help to establish contact and interpersonal relationship with the patient and provide highest quality of care (Videbeck, 2013). Psychotropic medications: For the patients who scored significant marks in DASS scale, it is important to give class of psychotropic medications like antidepressants and anti-anxiety agents. These treatments are safer as antidepressants help with phobias, panic attacks, suicidal thoughts, sleeping thoughts and eating disorders. Tranquilizers or anti-anxiety drugs are used to treat anxiety that interfere the patients in their daily life. Benzodiazepines are also used acting as tranquilizers (Wexler, 2013). References Altmann, A., Tian, L., Henderson, V. W., Greicius, M. D. (2013). Sex modifies the APOE?related risk of developing Alzheimer disease. Annals of neurology, 122-129. doi: 10.1002/ana.24135. Retrived from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24623176 Barry, M. J., Edgman-Levitan, S. 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Malaysian National Snack Essays - Malaysian Cuisine,

Malaysian National Snack I went to a Malaysian restaurant with my family last weekend to try some new Asian dishes we never tasted before. The name of the restaurant is Yazmin Malaysian Restaurant. That restaurant is located on Las Tunas Drive, San Gabriel. We ordered the curry noodles, the spicy chicken wings, the curry squids, and the satay. Among the foods we ordered, I would like to describe a dish that is called "Satay." It is so delicious, and it is a new Asian dish that I never tasted before. There are many interesting Malaysian traditional things in that Malaysia restaurant. The restaurant was decorated by hanging the Malaysian traditional kites and posters with Malaysia famous places. Besides the kites and the posters, there also has some traditional clothes on the walls. The boss called that is the "Batik" clothes. Thus, I felt that I was like that I was eating in Malaysia in that time. We ordered some Malaysia traditional foods, and one of those dishes that I like it very much. That is "Satay." Satay is a barbecued meat on a skewer. There are five skewers on a plate accompany with some bite-size cubes of cold, cook rice and the cool slices of cucumber, and uncook red onion. Along with it, there is a smaller plate filled with spicy peanut gravy. By using the same skewer, I dipped the meat into the spicy peanut gravy before I tasted it. Then, I speared a cube of cold, cook rice, and dipped into the gravy. Besides the bite-size of rice, I also speared a slice of cucumber and a slice of red onion, and dipped them into the gravy. It is so delicious until I had eaten up all the satay. Satay's meat is marinated and threaded through thin bamboo skewers before grilled. When it is grilled, it is basted with margarine by using a lemon grass as brush. I believe this made the smell better. However, the satay gravy has more complicated ingredients. It contains of peanuts, onion, garlic, chilies, lemon juices, coconut milk, ground cumin, ground turmeric, and chopped lemon grass. The cucumber and onion are prepared uncook and cut into slices. The rice cubes are made of plain rice which cook with coconut milk instead of water. I like to eat the gravy because it contains peanuts in it. The peanuts made the gravy so crunchy and I like it very much. The satay's meat is also good. However, when the satay became cold, I felt hard to chew. I like the rice cubes and the cucumber very much, but not the uncook onion because it was smelled bad after eating. Satay is a traditional food of Malaysia. It is so special compared to the other Asian's food I had tried. Of course, I would like to eat the satay again if I have a chance to go back to that Malaysian restaurant.